External fine particle removal for crystallization processes: Introduction and systematic comparison with the temperature cycling-based fines removal

Intermittent small particle removal is frequently used for property improvement in batch crystallization processes. This generally solved by partial dissolution cycles, which a cooling translates to temperature cycles - well suited small-scale experimentation. However, implementing on larger scale may face technical difficulties. paper investigates concept fine removal, namely, the controlled external fines removal. Here, achieved an environment being attached crystallizer via recirculation stream. Simulation-based and internal compared. The population balance model involves primary secondary nucleation as crystal growth dissolution. A two-level control system developed: low-level PI controller sets vessel's temperature, whereas direct (DNC) alternates between based actual number density. demonstrates that fines’ results slightly but consistently particles narrower size distribution majority of cases. Under optimal conditions, leads shorter times, its convergence significantly less sensitive DNC settings e.g., heating/cooling rates. From energy utilization perspective, requires heating than configuration. configuration has great saving potential through heat integration during constant simultaneous duties exchanger match each other.