Exploring industrialization and environmental sustainability dynamics in Ghana: a fully modified least squares approach

Purpose This paper seeks to provide empirical insight into how industrialization and technology affect environmental quality in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Using Ecological Footprint (ECF) as a measure of degradation, the authors employ annual data from World Development Indicators Bank Global Network spanning 1970 2017 apply fully modified least squares (FMOLS) technique. Findings The results reveal that has negative significant influence on ECF, suggesting contributes sustainability find is harmful environment it positive effect ECF. study also documents while education financial development improve sustainability, fossil fuel consumption exacerbates degradation Originality/value impact still being debated, with very scanty evidence African context. Based detailed review literature, this provides an initial attempt investigate industrialization–environmental nexus Besides, whereas most extant studies have employed CO 2 emission proxy use ECF gauge level which regarded more inclusive metric.