Explaining littering prevention among park visitors using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Norm Activation Model

The increasing concern for environmental issues and degradation has gained much attention over the past few decades. Tourist destinations natural areas are vulnerable to human-caused problems such as littering. This study examines factors that determine shape environmentally responsible intended behavior, specifically preventing littering of park visitors. present integrated Theory Planned Behavior Norm Activation Model. hypothesis was tested using a survey 328 individuals who visited Mount Merapi National Park, Indonesia. structural equation modeling result showed attitude perceived behavior control positively linked behavior. Despite research's findings, an individual's commitment friendly would not be driven by personal subjective norms. By accepting responsibility, one develops norms urge more aware consequences one's actions. Personal also significantly impact perceptions behavioral control, attitude, adds body literature regarding visitors national parks. Furthermore, this outlines power on constructs (perceived norm). There is discussion study's potential real-world applications its directions further research.