Experimental and numerical investigations of phosphorus release under carbonate and variable flow in soil with Mg-Al layered double hydroxides

Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were applied to soils for controlling phosphorus (P) loss. The subsequent slow-release of immobilized P in LDHs-soil system is crucial its bioavailability crops. Saturated column experiments conducted investigate the influence carbonate and flow interruption (FI) on release retention phosphate results compared those obtained under bicarbonate or continuous condition. Phosphate concentrations breakthrough curves (BTCs) profiles (RPs) analyzed by ICP-OES. Experimental simulated numerical code HP1 (Hydrus 1D + Phreeqc). showed that presence increased ionic exchange from LDHs but was not evident system. BTCs a dramatic drop after FI while with affected FI. contained irreversible retention, reversible ion-exchangeable retention. adsorption/desorption processes continued during