Excessive load

Sometimes structural loads are excessively high, and a decision must be made if intervention, either removal of the excess load or strengthening structure, is needed. This issue was addressed previously in retrofitting literature. However, equations for calculation were not presented. article includes based on full probabilistic reliability model failure probability excessive three materials: steel, timber, concrete. Failure probabilities given as function designed capacity according to Eurocodes. Safe loads, i.e., with less than 1/1500, given, too. The combination critical this study. There many options combination, which vary regarding dependent vs. independent calculation, reference time, reliability. conclusion that should combined dependently, calculated time 50 years, years. We stress steel structures questionably low current