منابع مشابه
Evolutionary route to diploidy and sex.
By using a bit-string model of evolution, we find a successful route to diploidy and sex in simple organisms. Allowing the sexually reproducing diploid individuals to also perform mitosis, as they do in a haploid-diploid cycle, leads to the complete takeover of the population by sexual diploids. This mechanism is so robust that even the accidental conversion and pairing of only two diploids giv...
متن کاملMating systems and the evolutionary transition between haploidy and diploidy
According to the ‘masking hypothesis’, diploids gain an immediate fitness advantage over haploids because diploids, with two copies of every gene, are better able to survive the effects of deleterious recessive mutations. Masking in diploids is, however, a double-edged sword: it allows mutations to persist over time. In contrast, deleterious mutations are revealed in haploid individuals and are...
متن کاملAn evolutionary route to xylanase process fitness.
Directed evolution technologies were used to selectively improve the stability of an enzyme without compromising its catalytic activity. In particular, this article describes the tandem use of two evolution strategies to evolve a xylanase, rendering it tolerant to temperatures in excess of 90 degrees C. A library of all possible 19 amino acid substitutions at each residue position was generated...
متن کاملAn Evolutionary Route to Rational Expectations
Evolutionary game theory provides a fresh perspective on the prospects that agents with heterogeneous expectations might eventually come to agree on a single expectation. We establish conditions under which convergence of beliefs could occur, but also show that persistent heterogeneous expectations can arise if those conditions do not hold. The critical element is the degree of curvature in pay...
متن کاملa synchronic and diachronic approach to the change route of address terms in the two recent centuries of persian language
terms of address as an important linguistics items provide valuable information about the interlocutors, their relationship and their circumstances. this study was done to investigate the change route of persian address terms in the two recent centuries including three historical periods of qajar, pahlavi and after the islamic revolution. data were extracted from a corpus consisting 24 novels w...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
سال: 2001
ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.241105498