Evolutionary relic or a curious coincidence? A mantisfly emerging from a mud-dauber nest

Mantispoidea exhibit a remarkably diverse morphology and life history for relatively small group of insects, in part, complicating our understanding its evolutionary history. Dietary specialisation the larvae, however, seems to have played an important role this group. Symphrasinae (Rhachiberothidae) larvae are thought be predators aculeate Hymenoptera brood, while Mantispinae (Mantispidae) spider eggs. Herewith first observation adult emerging from nest mud-dauber wasp (Sphecidae) is described. This also genus record Afromantispa Snyman & Ohl Oriental Region, including three new name combinations. The curious coincidence nest, food source related taxon, discussed light current classification.