Ethanol Leaf Extract of Synsepalum dulcificum Schumach. & Thonn. (Sapotaceae) Induces Distortions in Renal, Hepatic and Reproductive Indices in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Background and Purpose: Synsepalum dulcificum (Sapotaceae) is used in traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes, cough cancer. This study was designed to investigate the vivo toxicological endpoints ethanol leaf extract S. male female rats.
 Methods: After estimating LD50 mice, forty-eight rats were randomly assigned four groups twelve each a sex ratio 1:1 orally administered 10 mL/kg distilled water (control) 118, 237, 475 mg/kg/day respectively forty-five days. The animals thereafter euthanized blood samples collected haematological, biochemical antioxidant assays. Sperm parameters evaluated testis, liver, heart ovary harvested histopathology. Constituents determined by GC-MS.
 Result: (oral) estimated be 4750 mg/kg mice. There significant decrease haemoglobin but lymphocytes monocytes significantly increased compared control. Aspartate transaminase alanine Creatinine increased, high density lipoprotein (HDL) albumin decreased treated rats. increase enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidants reduction malondialdehyde (MDA). increases reproductive markers sperm count, motility abnormality. Renovascular congestion preserved cytoarchitecture other organs observed. Twenty-one compounds including n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxyl-6- methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) phytol identified.
 Conclusion: Prolonged use could result hepatic renal dysfunctions may risk infertility cardiovascular diseases.