Estrus and ovulation synchrony of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): A review

Synchronizing estrus and ovulation in buffalo using timed inseminations (TAI) protocols circumvents the limitations associated with detection. Spontaneous may achieve more conception rate on insemination than those subjected to synchronization of (TAI). The advantages following programs include higher detection rates combined decreased embryonic losses reduction days open. A synchonization programme should ensure control cycle which entirely depends ovarian status animals before starting any protocol. Ovarian follicular at beginning treatment plays vital role for effective response shown by animals. Studies show that precise alterations waves be needed better synchrony fertility. use Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing (LH), equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), human (hCG), prostaglandins, progesterone estradiol have been helpful achieving synchrony. Use esters per-vaginum implants also incorporated programs. Synchronous emergence trans-vaginal ultrasound guided ablation administration is a recent concept buffalo. Further, approach has allow second wave ovulate as fertility lesser when first ovulates. Moreover, controlling environmental influences, nutritional managemental strategies remain pre-requisite desired goals though hormonal administration. This particular buffaloes suffering from anestrum so low or non-breeding season pre-pubetal anestrum. review will cover available documented literature regarding estrous physiology emphasis dynamics future area work focused reproductive efficiency