Erythropoeisis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs) in cervix cancer: The “Black Box” paradox

Performance-Based Resource Allocation in Higher Education: A Black Box Containing the Paradox of Increasing Efficiency and Decreasing Productivity

To cope with escalating financial resource limitations from both expanding demands for higher education and experiencing a relatively reduction in public support, higher education units have profoundly adopted a performance-based resource allocation mechanism in recent years. Nevertheless, empirical evaluation findings show that the presumed improvement in performance has not been fulfilled. Us...

The role of erythropoietin (EPO) and erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) in tumor progression

Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESAs) in the Treatment of Cardio-Renal Syndrome Anaemia

Coexistence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) define a recently recognized clinical entity known as cardio-renal syndrome. Sufficient evidence suggests that the two pathological conditions share common pathogenic etiology which is not yet fully defined. Superimposed anaemia is a common finding among patients suffering from cardio-renal syndrome. The combination of ...

Knowledge Extraction from the Neural ‘Black Box’ in Ecological Monitoring

Phytoplankton biomass within the Saginaw Bay ecosystem (Lake Huron, Michigan, USA) was characterized as a function of select physical/chemical indicators. The complexity and variability of ecological systems typically make it difficult to model the influences of anthropogenic stressors and/or natural disturbances. Here, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were developed to model chlorophyll a con...

Resolving the Three-Box Paradox

An apparent paradox proposed by Aharonov and Vaidman in which a single particle can be found with certainty in two (or more) boxes is analyzed. It is found that the paradox arises from a counterfactual usage of the Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz (ABL) rule. The paradox is resolved by observing that the counterfactual usage of the rule is, in general, not valid. 1. Background. The Aharonov-Bergmann-...