Epidemic Thunderstorm Asthma: Lessons Learned from the Storm Down-Under

نویسندگان

چکیده

Epidemic thunderstorm asthma (ETSA) is a global health problem that can strike without sufficient warning and have catastrophic consequences. Because of climate change, future events are likely to become more common, disastrous, unpredictable. To prevent loss life avoid surge on care infrastructure, identifying at-risk individuals their potential biomarkers the most prophylactic approach be taken mitigate deadly consequences ETSA. In this review, we provide an update clinical mechanism, prevalence, characteristics those patients moderately or severely at risk Identifying these patient will aid professionals suitable personalized treatment plans and, in turn, life. characterized by emergence acute presentations after thunderstorm. For example, November 21, 2016, sensitized Melbourne were impacted significant epidemic event recorded history. Thousands hospitalized for severe respiratory presentations, majority whom found suffer from allergic rhinitis asthma, death 10 been associated with event. Asthma-related hospital admissions rose almost 1000% during 12-hour storm, unprecedented number infrastructure was not prepared handle.1Sultana R.V. McKenzie D.P. Fahey M.T. Sutherland M. Nimorakiotakis V. Beta-blocker use independent factor asthma.Emerg Med Australas. 2019; 31: 955-960Crossref PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar Although multiple epidemics observed across developing countries worldwide, occurred frequently Melbourne, Australia, least 7 separate recorded.2Campbell S.L. Fox-Hughes P.D. Jones P.J. Remenyi T.A. Chappell K. White C.J. et al.Evaluating asthma: lessons Australia.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16: 837Crossref (8) Events other states, but they far less common pose public compared Melbourne. The interactions between aeroallergens meteorological factors occur contribute increased severity asthmatic symptoms within populations.3Harun N.-S. Lachapelle P. Douglass J. Thunderstorm-triggered what know so far.J Asthma Allergy. 12: 101-108Crossref (17) arrival thunderstorms has strongly linked levels allergenic particles.4Darvall J.N. Durie Pilcher D. Wigmore G. French C. Karalapillai al.Intensive implications asthma.Crit Care Resusc. 2018; 20: 294PubMed Thunderstorm outflow concentrates airborne allergens, such as pollen, near ground level,5Marks Colquhoun Girgis S. Koski M.H. Treloar A. Hansen al.Thunderstorm outflows preceding spring summer.Thorax. 2001; 56: 468-471Crossref (178) increasing exposure predisposed individuals.6D'Amato Annesi-Maesano I. Cecchi L. D'Amato Latest news relationship allergy, deaths asthma.Allergy. 74: 9-11Crossref (26) Pollen well documented present ETSA events,7Thien F. Beggs Csutoros Darvall Hew Davies J.M. al.The 2016: investigation environmental triggers, effect services, factors.Lancet Planet 2: e255-e263Abstract Full Text PDF (99) grass pollen identified major trigger symptoms.8Kailaivasan T.H. Timbrell V.L. Solley Smith W.B. McLean-Tooke van Nunen al.Biogeographical variation specific IgE recognition temperate subtropical allergens patients.Clin Transl Immunol. 2020; 9: e01103Crossref (4) Other aeroallergens, fungal spores, also seen huge atmospheric increases may impact health.9Idrose N.S. Dharmage S.C. Lowe A.J. Lambert K.A. Lodge Abramson M.J. al.A systematic review role fungi asthma.Environ Res. 181: 108911Crossref (18) Scholar,10Baxi S.N. Sheehan W.J. Sordillo J.E. Muilenberg M.L. Rogers C.A. Gaffin al.Association spore inner-city schools morbidity.Ann Allerg Im. 122: 610-615.e1Abstract (16) Intact grains too large normally reach lower airways. However, naturally swell rupture osmotic shock when exposed high moisture thunderstorms,11Suphioglu Singh M.B. Taylor Bellomo R. Holmes Puy al.Mechanism grass-pollen-induced asthma.Lancet. 1992; 339: 569-572Abstract (310) releasing hundreds fine starch granules respirable size (Figure 1) into atmosphere.12Ali Behbehani N. Alomair Taher Fatal near-fatal desert country.Ann Thorac Med. 14: 155-160Crossref (11) Scholar,13Taylor Staff Knox Localization two rye-grass using monoclonal antibodies quantitative analysis immunogold labelling.Histochem 1994; 26: 392-401Crossref (50) Recently, it shown concentrations fragments highest, remain high, convective thunderstorms.14Hughes D.D. Mampage Liu Z. Stone E.A. Characterization springtime thunderstorms.Environ Sci Technol Lett. 7: 409-414Crossref These particulates small enough travel past pharynx, tract, symptoms.15Silver J.D. M.F. Johnston F.H. Lampugnani E.R. McCarthy M.A. Jacobs S.J. al.Seasonal some observations occurrence its predictability.PLoS One. 13: e0194929Crossref (29) Scholar,16Dharmage Perret J.L. Custovic Epidemiology children adults.Front Pediatr. 246Crossref (209) usually late where highest. All November, ryegrass pollination peak.17Hew Lee Susanto N.H. Prasad Bardin P.G. Barnes 2016 epidemic: attacks requiring admission.Allergy. 122-130Crossref (28) distribution pollens dependent weather, Melbourne's susceptibility influenced local weather patterns interacting environment. Hot northern winds tend push grasslands down south toward urban population.7Thien Thunderstorms dispersion intact ruptured grains, leading inhaling short period time.18D'Amato Chong-Neto H.J. Monge Ortega O.P. Vitale Ansotegui Rosario effects change allergy induced mold allergens.Allergy. 75: 2219-2228Crossref (42) Australia experiences many spatial temporal variations influence parameters temperature rainfall. changes seasonally, annually, over long periods time.19Harris Lucas Understanding variability Australian fire 1973 2017.PLoS e0222328Crossref (41) Abnormal due change,20Joy Dunshea F.R. Leury B.J. Clarke I.J. DiGiacomo Chauhan S.S. Resilience ruminants temperature: review.Animals (Basel). 10: 867Crossref (27) which responsible frequency extreme events21Sisodiya S.M. Fowler Lake Nanji R.O. Gawel Esguerra C.V. al.Climate epilepsy: time take action.Epilepsia Open. 4: 524-536Crossref (3) asthma. studied Northern Hemisphere, limited long-term data projected ecological Southern Hemisphere.22Prober Raisbeck-Brown Porter N.B. Williams K.J. Leviston Dickson Recent climate-driven continent perceived through knowledge.PLoS e0224625Crossref (2) unique (see Figure 2). infrequent, phenomenon, 26 known reported unlike rarely exacerbations. Exceptions include 1994 London epidemic, 2013 Iran Saudi Arabia epidemic. Past listed Table prevalence atopic conditions populations industrialized air pollutants.47D'Amato Liccardi Holgate Environmental bronchial asthma.Clin Exp 2005; 35: 1113-1124Crossref (220) climates, like Europe Middle East, environments, Australia.48D’Amato Vaghi D’Amato How do storms affect asthma?.Curr Allergy Rep. 18: 24Crossref Scholar,49Lau E.T.C. Yung M.M.N. Karraker N.E. Leung K.M.Y. Is assessment appropriate account chemical toxicity freshwater ectotherms under different thermal conditions?.Environ Pollut 2014; 21: 95-104Crossref (15) events, I 2, coincided respective country's summer seasons.50D'Amato Molino al.Thunderstorm-related happens why.Clin 2016; 46: 390-396Crossref (93) A combination susceptible population, patterns, aeroallergen concentration results epidemics. Thunderstorm-associated Mexico,51Rosas McCartney H. Payne Calderon Lacey Chapela al.Analysis relationships (aeroallergens, pollution, weather) emergency Mexico City.Allergy. 1998; 53: 394-401Crossref (127) Scholarthe USA,52Grundstein Sarnat S.E. Klein Shepherd Naeher Mote T. Atlanta, Georgia.Thorax. 2008; 63: 659-660Crossref Greece,53Ilias Eight year retrospective study thunderstorm-associated Athens Greece.Int Heal 8: 335-337Crossref no yet confirmed documented.Table IGlobal occurrences events: location, date, affected eventLocationDateNo. affectedReferenceAsia ArabiaNovember 2002No data23Al-Rubaish A.M. forgotten very epidemic.J Fam Comm 2007; 47PubMed Ahvaz, IranNovember 2013200024Forouzan Masoumi Haddadzadeh Shoushtari Idani E. Tirandaz Feli al.An overview outbreak southwest Iran.J Pub 2014: 504017PubMed IsraelOctober 25, 2015No data25Yair Y. Yair Rubin B. Confino-Cohen Rosman Shachar al.First case Israel.Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci. 19: 2715-2725Crossref (6) IranOctober 28, 20153326Rabiee Mousavi Khafaie outbreak, rare phenomenon Iran: patients’ perspectives.Environ 25: 36158-36162Crossref Kuwait, ArabiaDecember 1, 201684427Xu Y-Y, Xue T, Li H-R, Guan Retrospective Yulin, northwest China [published online ahead print May 26, 2020]. Pediatr https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-0980-9.Google ChinaSeptember 11, 201839112Ali ScholarEurope Birmingham, EnglandJuly 6, 198310628Packe Ayres thunderstorm.Lancet. 1985; 326: 199-204Abstract (198) Nottingham, EnglandJune 20, 19841929Alderman Sloan Basran thunderstorms.Arch Emerg 1986; 3: 260Crossref UKJuly 22, 19893230Allitt U. Stern Didymella ascospores following Leicester (England).in: Agashe Aerobiology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. Ltd., New Delhi, Calcutta1997: 321-326Google London, 24, 1994640+31Venables Allitt Collier Emberlin Greig Hardaker asthma–the 24/25 June 1994.Clin 1997; 27: 725-736Crossref Cambridge, 29, 20025732Pulimood T.B. Corden Bryden Sharples Nasser Alternaria alternata.J Clin 120: 610-617Abstract Naples, ItalyJune 4, 2004733D'Amato Thunderstorm-related only spores.J 121: 537Abstract (62) Puglia, ItalyMay 27, 20102034Losappio Heffler Contento Cannito Rolla owing Olea Europaea sensitization.Allergy. 2011; 66: 1510Crossref (32) LondonJuly 23, 20134035Elliot Hughes Locker Brown Sarran department attendances July 2013.Emerg 675-678Crossref ScholarAustralia MelbourneNovember 19848536Egan Weather not.Med Aust. 142: 330Crossref (30) 8, 198715437Bellomo Gigliotti Suphioglu al.Two consecutive city possible rye pollen.Med 156: 834-837Crossref (183) 198927737Bellomo TamworthNovember 199011038Waters Corbett Gibson Hensley Wlodarczyk surveillance England Region 1990-1992.NSW Health Bull. 1993; 100-101Crossref Wagga WaggaOctober 30, 199721539Girgis S.T. Marks G.B. Downs S.H. Kolbe Car G.N. Paton inland town south-eastern Australia. Who risk?.Eur Respir 2000; 3-8Crossref (104) NewcastleOctober 1998640Wark P.A.B. Simpson Airway inflammation 2002; 32: 1750-1756Crossref (53) 19, 20037041Erbas Akram Tham Dennekamp Newbigin seasonal childhood presentations.Clin 2012; 42: 799-805Crossref 20103642Howden McDonald C.F. asthma—a timely reminder.Med 195: 512-513Crossref 20113043Davies Erbas Simunovic Al Kouba Milic Fagan Literature advice. Queensland University Technology, Brisbane, Australia2017Google CanberraOctober 20141544Colley Canberra sneezes worst hay fever season years.The Times. 7, (Available from:)https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6076295/canberra-sneezes-through-worst-hay-fever-season-in-years/Date accessed: 2020Google 2016?10,00045Rangamuwa K.B. Young A.C. Thien An rhinitis, previous allergies.Asia Pac 2017; 193-198Crossref ScholarNorth America CanadaJuly 31, 200015746Wardman Stefani MacDonald J.C. shortness breath Canadian report.Can 267-270Crossref (48) ScholarETSA, Open table new tab ETSA, triggers vary country country. largely triggered community allergens. dominant Australia,37Bellomo Scholar,39Girgis Scholar, 40Wark 41Erbas 42Howden Scholar,44Colley Conocarpus erectus suspected Iran,54Rad H.D. Assarehzadegan M.-A. Goudarzi Sorooshian Birgani Y.T. Maleki al.Do exacerbate autumnal Iran?.Atmos Environ. 213: 311-325Crossref (14) europaea Parietaria sp. Italy.33D'Amato Scholar,34Losappio It estimated 20% 70% undiagnosed receiving treatment.55Aaron S.D. Boulet L.P. Reddel H.K. Gershon A.S. Underdiagnosis overdiagnosis asthma.Am Crit 198: 1012-1020Crossref (90) This cause concern, especially attempting identify subset who particularly true because previously suffered asthma.39Girgis Scholar,45Rangamuwa all sensitization, presented signs having asthma.45Rangamuwa Generally, attended departments displayed characteristics. Compared exacerbations, experienced ongoing symptoms. Approximately 80% persistent symptoms, 28% weekly basis, inability adequately self-manage.56Foo C.T. Yee E.L. Denton O'Hehir R.E. al.Continued control asthma.Asia e35Crossref even among history well-controlled able treat chronic condition unable ease breathlessness. Also interest, 63% prior months event.56Foo Few studies had accounted ethnicity investigating events. Independent factors, Asian considerably increase asthma.57Clayton-Chubb Con Rangamuwa Wadhwa revealing hidden population.Intern 49: 74-78Crossref (9) Atopic prevalent Australians descent, twice non-Asians. immigrants length stay increased.58Leung R.C. Burdon J.G. Carlin J.B. Czarny Asthma, atopy Melbourne.Med 161: 418-425Crossref (133) Interestingly although descent admitted non-Asian counterparts, trend reversed if heritage born Australia.17Hew Critically, 25% population descent; 6 died ethnicity.7Thien Patients existing sensitivity ryegrass,59Harun N-S, P, Bowatte G, C, Braitberg Irving L, al. Thunderstorm-asthma Australia: hospitalization March 12, Can Sleep https://doi.org/10.1080/24745332.2020.1727301.Google Scholar,60Sutherland Portelli Collins A.L. Rahman Melbourne: comparison.Med 207: 434-435Crossref unlikely inhaled medications.59Harun Sensitivity contributor individual's Specifically, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) strong indicator heightened allergies.60Sutherland Of importance, report sensitization presenting further indicating importance ETSA.61Lee Kronborg Who's asthma? trifecta learnt epidemic.Respir 132: 146-148Abstract (38) appears dominate sensitivities species including elevated Bermuda (94%), positive skin prick tests Bahia (94%) Timothy (91%).61Lee During 1997 usage corticosteroids (ICS) low, used ICS before highlighting management minimize ETSA.39Girgis More recently, medication included taking beta-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ETSA.1Sultana G

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Storm-related carbon monoxide poisoning: lessons learned from recent epidemics.

Over the past 15 years, a number of epidemics of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning related to various storms have been reported. While the geographical location of these outbreaks and the types of storms involved has been diverse, review of the events reveals a number of common factors and themes. This paper summarizes the details of 9 published reports describing CO poisoning associated with 11 d...

متن کامل

Lessons Learned from the Prevalence of Childhood Asthma in Korea

© Copyright The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology • The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease http://e-aair.org Asthma is a chronic disease in childhood that affects virtually every facet of a patient’s life and school activities, and every member of the family. It imposes a substantial socio-economic burden and demands many special considerations. ...

متن کامل

Lessons learned from the asthma clinical research network.

In 1993, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health established the Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) to answer vital questions about treatment for patients with asthma. To perform clinical research independent of that conducted by pharmaceutical companies, the ACRN includes multiple clinical research centers as well as a data-coordination c...

متن کامل

Psychosocial Rehabilitation: Some Lessons Learned From Natural Disaster in Iran

Background: Disasters have adverse impacts on different aspects of human life. Psychosocial Rehabilitation is one of the fields which is usually overshadowed and ignored by physical rehabilitation or its importance does not receive proper attention. This research attempts to study some lessons learned from Psychosocial Rehabilitation based on disaster experiences in Iran. M...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['2213-2201', '2213-2198']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.10.022