Environmental and anthropogenic features mediate risk from human hunters and wolves for moose
نویسندگان
چکیده
Landscape characteristics, seasonal changes in the environment, and daylight conditions influence space use detection of prey predators, resulting spatiotemporal patterns predation risk for prey. When predators have different hunting modes, combined effects multiple are mediated by physical landscape can result overlapping or contrasting risk. Humans become super-predators many anthropogenic landscapes harvesting game species competing with large carnivores Here, we used locations wolf (Canis lupus)-killed hunter-killed moose (Alces alces) south-central Scandinavia to investigate whether environmental features influenced where wolves hunters killed moose. We predicted that would spatial due differences modes. expected these also differ temporally. During season, probability a kill increased distance bogs, whereas it decreased increasing building density clearcuts young forests. After terrain ruggedness density, main roads, The hunter was highest closer secondary less rugged areas lower density. Hunters all during day, most at night after season. Our findings suggest mediate Additionally, found hunter- wolf-killed exhibited associations features, likely modes displayed wolves. However, risks contrasted over time since mostly were restricted daytime This temporal segregation might therefore could minimize exposure taking advantage spatiotemporally vacant domains.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Ecosphere
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2150-8925']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4323