Enhancing hole carrier injection <i>via</i> low electrochemical doping on circularly polarized polymer light-emitting diodes

Contact Injection into Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes

The variation of current I with voltage V for poly(phenylene vinylene) and other polymer light-emitting diodes has been attributed to carriers tunneling into broad conduction and valence bands. In actuality the electrons and holes tunnel into polaron levels and transport is by hopping among these levels. We show that for small injection the I-V characteristic is determined mainly by the image f...

Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells: Doping, luminescence, and mobility

Ludvig Edman,1,* Melissa A. Summers,1,2 Steven K. Buratto,1,2 and Alan J. Heeger1,3 1Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93103, USA 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSB, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA 3Department of Physics and Materials Department, UCSB, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA (Received 10 F...

University of Groningen Hole-enhanced electron injection from ZnO in inverted polymer light-emitting diodes

Metal oxides as ZnO provide an interesting alternative for conventional low work function metals as electron injection layer in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, for most state-of-the-art OLED materials the high work function of ZnO leads to a large injection barrier for electrons. As a result the electron current in the OLED is largely limited by the contact, leading to a strong ...

Electrochemical doping during light emission in polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells

Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Utilizing Doping for Generation of Light