Enhancing Algebraic Equation Solving in Upper Elementary and Middle School Students Using an Algebra Balance Model

The struggle of students to solve algebraic equations has been identified as a major challenge in mathematics education. This study investigated the effectiveness Hands-On Equations? early algebra balance model improving equation-solving skills upper elementary and middle school students. Fourth-grade (n = 123) eighth-grade 105) from United States participated this study. A pretest-to-posttest design was used evaluate performance on six equations, including three with unknown both sides equal sign. results showed that eighth graders outperformed fourth benchmark pretest. However, after seven lessons using model, statistically significant gain standard deviations, outperforming pretest scores. helped younger make sense formal notation, relational meaning sign, subtraction property equality, which are essential concepts for future studies. also found graders’ moderate effect size. Therefore, should use enhance their ability.