Energy spectra of Sub-Surface Velocity Fields Beneath Faraday Waves

Faraday waves form on the surface of a fluid which is subject to vertical forcing, and are researched in large range applications. Some examples formation ordered wave patterns controlled walking or orbiting droplets (Couder et al. (2005); Saylor Kinard (2005)). Moreover, recent studies discovered existence horizontal velocity field at surface, called flow, was shown exhibit an inverse energy cascade thus properties two-dimensional turbulence (von Kameke al., 2011, 2013; Francois 2013). Additionally, three-dimensionality effects have been part investigations quasi-2D flows (both electromagnetically-driven (Kelley Ouellette, 2011; Martell 2019) produced by parametrically-excited (Francois 2014; Xia Francois, 2017)). Furthermore, occurrence thick layers also current coexistence 2D 3D (Biferale 2012; Kokot 2017; Biferale 2017). By performing PIV measurements planes beneath waves, we recently showed that pronounced three dimensional occur bulk, with much larger spatial temporal scales than those (Colombi 2021), when system not shallow comparison typical length flow (fluid thickness exceeding half wavelength λF). This turn reveals aspects confined can coexist bulk flow. In this work, fields carried out cross-section xz-plane four distinct xy-planes different depths waves. The results reveal small fast jets penetrate from into accelerating bursts strong momentum transport z−direction. fraction kinetic direction found peak inside layer approximately 10 mm (one wavelength) below surface.