Emerging Patterns in Cultural Ecosystem Services as Incentives and Obstacles for Raptor Conservation

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment proposed four categories of ecosystem services as regulating, provisioning, supporting and cultural. Of these, cultural have been the most difficult to quantify despite playing a key role in developing society’s ecosystems. By reviewing series case studies related derived from raptors, we examine relations between tangible ‘knowledge’ ‘beliefs’ part human societies We identified types raptor regulating provisioning patterns service--knowledge-beliefs that defined positive or negative outcomes for conservation. also demonstrate how possible interactions physical, experiential, physical-symbolic representative-symbolic different stakeholders can create incentives obstacles Predictable service-knowledge-beliefs provide framework upon which socio-cultural ethnobiological aspects conservation may be combined with ecological research support initiatives. Based on these present examples might employed better promote while respecting beliefs traditions stakeholders.