Emergence, a Universal Phenomenon which Connects Reality to Consciousness, Natural Sciences to Humanities

in Humanities , Social Sciences , and Natural Sciences

Methodology Transfers Between Social Sciences and Humanities in Relation to Natural Sciences, Technology and Government Policy

ed from each of natural sciences. An analogy is the difference between behavioral sciences (the set of behavioral psychology, behavioral sociology, etc.) and behavioral science as a general concept. The general concept abstracted from natural and social sciences and humanities (including arts) are referred to as knowledge (the modern version of medieval scientia). This chapter mainly or almost ...

Emergence in Exact Natural Sciences

The context of an operational description is given by the distinction between what we consider as relevant and what as irrelevant for a particular experiment or observation. A rigorous description of a context in terms of a mathematically formulated context-independent fundamental theory is possible by the restriction of the domain of the basic theory and the introduction of a new coarser topol...

Revisiting the Neuro-turn in the Humanities and Natural Sciences

In the last twenty years there has been an unprecedented advance in neuroscience, in fields such as pharmacology, neurology and behavioural genetics. A growing number of ethicists, legal scholars and philosophers have begun to analyse the implications of these advances; from the use of fMRI scanning to the way in which scientific disciplines are organised in order to deliver techno-economic inn...

Commentary A NATURAL SCIENCE APPROACH TO CONSCIOUSNESS

We begin with premises about natural science, its fundamental protocols and its limitations. With those in mind, we construct alternative descriptive models of consciousness, each comprising a synthesis of recent literature in cognitive science. Presuming that consciousness arose through natural selection, we eliminate the subset of alternatives that lack selectable physical phenotypes, leaving...