Electrostatic Ratchet in the Protective Antigen Channel Promotes Anthrax Toxin Translocation
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Polylysine-Mediated Translocation of the Diphtheria Toxin Catalytic Domain through the Anthrax Protective Antigen Pore
The protective antigen (PA) moiety of anthrax toxin forms oligomeric pores in the endosomal membrane, which translocate the effector proteins of the toxin to the cytosol. Effector proteins bind to oligomeric PA via their respective N-terminal domains and undergo N- to C-terminal translocation through the pore. Earlier we reported that a tract of basic amino acids fused to the N-terminus of an u...
متن کاملReply to Yamini and Nestorovich: Alternate clamped states of the anthrax toxin protective antigen channel.
Yamini and Nestorovich (1) recently commented on our article in PNAS (2). In their letter, they weigh in on two issues with the previously reported (3, 4) alternate conductance substate of the protective antigen (PA) translocase channel. The first point they raised was whether the conductance substate was a clamped state of the PA channel’s phenylalanine clamp (φ-clamp) site. We believe that su...
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Bacillus anthracis secretes three polypeptides: protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF), which interact at the surface of mammalian cells to form toxic complexes. LF and EF are enzymes that target substrates within the cytosol; PA provides a heptameric pore to facilitate LF and EF transport into the cytosol. Other than administration of antibiotics shortly after expos...
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Binary toxins are among the most potent bacterial protein toxins performing a cooperative mode of translocation and exhibit fatal enzymatic activities in eukaryotic cells. Anthrax and C2 toxin are the most prominent examples for the AB(7/8) type of toxins. The B subunits bind both host cell receptors and the enzymatic A polypeptides to trigger their internalization and translocation into the ho...
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The significant threat posed by biological agents (e.g. anthrax, tetanus, botulinum, and diphtheria toxins) (Inglesby, T. V., O'Toole, T., Henderson, D. A., Bartlett, J. G., Ascher, M. S., Eitzen, E., Friedlander, A. M., Gerberding, J., Hauer, J., Hughes, J., McDade, J., Osterholm, M. T., Parker, G., Perl, T. M., Russell, P. K., and Tonat, K. (2002) J. Am. Med. Assoc. 287, 2236-2252) requires i...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Biological Chemistry
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0021-9258
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.419598