Electrochemical Transportation

Thermodynamic and achievable efficiencies for solar-driven electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to transportation fuels.

Thermodynamic, achievable, and realistic efficiency limits of solar-driven electrochemical conversion of water and carbon dioxide to fuels are investigated as functions of light-absorber composition and configuration, and catalyst composition. The maximum thermodynamic efficiency at 1-sun illumination for adiabatic electrochemical synthesis of various solar fuels is in the range of 32-42%. Sing...

Fuzzy Transportation Problem with Random Transportation Costs

We consider the following transportation problem with both random and fuzzy factors. There exist m supply points and n demand points. For each route between supply point and demand point, unit transportation cost is a random variable according to a normal distribution and existence possibility denoting the preference choosing this route is attached. The probability that the total transportation...

Use of mixed combustion/electrochemical energy conversion to achieve efficiencies in excess of 70% for transportation-scale engines

In order to achieve efficiencies in excess of 70% in transportation-scale engines, a mixed combustion/electrochemical strategy was developed in which a piston engine is coupled to a downstream fuel cell by way of a catalytic reformer. The piston engine serves to reform the fuel and extract some work by operating in a fuel-rich regime, the catalytic reformer serves to catalytically reform the ex...

Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problem

Transportation problem is a linear programming which considers minimum cost for shipping a product from some origins to other destinations such as from factories to warehouse, or from a warehouse to supermarkets. To solve this problem simplex algorithmis utilized. In real projects costs and the value of supply and demands are fuzzy numbers and it is expected that optimal solutions for determini...

Electrochemical Potential Spectroscopy: A New Electrochemical Measurement