Effects of Cantharidin on Fish Erythrocytes, Tumor Cell Lines, and Marine Pathogenic Bacteria

Cantharidin, a toxic monoterpene secreted by blister beetles, has long been used in traditional Chinese and modern medicine for its unique properties. However, despite widespread use, effects on fish have not studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic applications cantharidin examining antioxidant, hemagglutinating, hemolytic, cytotoxic activities at different concentrations (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 μg mL−1) three cell lines. In addition, explored bactericidal bacteriostatic properties against various pathogenic bacteria. results revealed that there were no significant differences or hemolytic between tested. found exhibited dose- time-dependent cytotoxicity seabream (Sparus aurata) erythrocytes SAF-1, PLHC-1, Hela lines, resulting morphological changes indicative apoptosis. Interestingly, highest dose tested demonstrated potent activity four marine opportunistic bacteria, including Vibrio harveyi, V. anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae, Tenacibaculum maritimum, but statistically observed any bacteria Overall, these provide valuable information aquaculture. Further research is needed fully understand mechanisms action explore possible preventive uses fish.