Effects of Atom Search-Optimized Thornthwaite Potential Evapotranspiration on Root and Shoot Systems in Controlled Carica papaya Cultivation

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) indicates if a cultivation area is suitable for planting. Currently, site-specific PET models that are based on large geographic regions vulnerable to inaccurate predictions as result of climate change and sudden changes in the environmental abiotic stressors affect plant growth. For aim promoting papaya Sinta F1 cultivar, study optimized standard Thornthwaite model by integrating three advanced physics-based metaheuristics evolutionary computing, namely atom search (ASO), differential evolution (DE), multiverse (MVO) optimizers. The value was through minimization function air temperature, light intensity, heat index, extended index. As approaches 0, it there more soil-water content can be absorbed plants. Based four treatments (uncontrolled, ASO, DE, MVO) exposed replicates within 90 days, ASO-optimized PET-treated (ASOTh) plants resulted highest chlorophyll b concentrations, densest stomatal density, concentrated root stem xylem phloem vessels, considerable length, most formed leaf count, strongest action potentials coming from membrane both dark periods. This proves applicability intelligent process modifying growth promotion. Also, developed ASOTh, length thickness ratio improved mechanical stability facilitate branching leaves potential fruits during fruiting stage, enhanced, which naturally energy band photosynthesis. Overall, newly ASOTh may used grow seedlings year-round anywhere Earth control system regulate setting inside chamber.