Effect of Pulse Width Modulation on Proportional, Integral, and Derivative Coefficient Characteristics

Based on the value of feedback obtained from sensor (LDR), PID algorithm uses error comparison between and setpoint to perform calculations so that PWM generator will use output produce a row pulses be converted voltage (signal) with range 0 255 (0 volt 5 volt) is used turn LED lamp according desired light level. The characteristics generated by control for each coefficient can as benchmark determine correct Propotional coefficient, Integral Derivative whole. From test results, it seen adjustment taken based size difference or contained in system. If slight, large values, especially derivative coefficients. It helps system achieve stable condition reduces overshoot. Still, if significant, then applying considerable efficiency make becomes little tricky because possible overshoot output.