Effect of Orthodontic Appliances on the Oral Environment and Microbiome

Orthodontic treatment is an appliance-intensive endeavor, where array of mechanical devices used to bring about tooth movement. By virtue remaining in close proximity the enamel, gingiva and periodontal ligament intra-orally over a prolonged period time, orthodontic appliances have significant impact on paradental tissues, oral environment microbiome. by acting as anchors for biofilm plaque formation, accumulate bacteria other micro-organisms amounts unfavorable maintenance healthy equilibrium. The resulting loss balance microbiome causes dysbiosis which manifests clinically increased enamel demineralization, dental caries disease. Mechanical removal accumulated maintaining rigorous hygiene has been proven be single most important factor mitigate harmful effects dysbiosis. This review investigates how each various components appliances, different types unique surface properties biomaterials contributory at interface biology. information thus obtained will critical instituting best diagnostic therapeutic measures clinical level. It also instrumental devising improvements providing new directions future research general precision orthodontics particular.