Economic Growth, Energy Mix, and Tourism-Induced EKC Hypothesis: Evidence from Top Ten Tourist Destinations
نویسندگان
چکیده
The tourism sector makes a sizable contribution to country’s gross domestic product, increasing employment opportunities, foreign currency earnings, and economic diversification strategies. This paper uses the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model analyze effects of on environment in world’s top 10 tourist countries from 1972 2021. Panel cointegration second-generation unit root tests are suggested due presence cross-sectional dependence slope heterogeneity. A cross-sectional-autoregressive-distributed lag (CS-ARDL) is applied evaluate marginal influence environmental variables other than carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. These include fossil fuels, renewable energy, nuclear energy. For purpose testing robustness, both augmented mean group (AMG) common correlated (CCEMG) estimators employed. CS-ARDL supports EKC hypothesis short run long run, but it not significant run. existence demonstrates that rising income leads fewer CO2 All forms degradation can be accelerated by using fuels. results this study indicate emissions reduced energy rise activity has positive impact quality. best-attended spots around globe those that, implement clean energy-related technology promote ecotourism.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Sustainability
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2071-1050']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416328