Earthwork Volume Calculation, 3D Model Generation, and Comparative Evaluation Using Vertical and High-Oblique Images Acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In civil engineering and building construction, the earthwork volume calculation is one of most important factors in design construction stages; therefore, an accurate necessary. Moreover, because managing earthworks highly important, this study, a three-dimensional (3D) model for management was performed using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) RGB camera. Vertical high-oblique images (45°, 60°, 75°) were acquired at 50 100 m heights calculations 3D model, data generated by dividing into eight cases. Cases 1–4 from height m, cases 5–8 m. (case 1: 90°, case 2: 90° + 45°, 3: 4: 75°, 5: 6: 7: 8: 75°). Three evaluations on data. First, accuracy evaluated through checkpoints orthophoto; second, volumes calculated via global positioning system UAV compared; finally, evaluated. Case 2, which showed lowest root mean square error orthophoto evaluation, accurate. 2 evaluation compared to other Through best results obtained when vertical image 40 50° generating management. addition, if not affected obstacles, it better shoot about or less than too high.