Early incubation and prolonged maturation of large ignimbrite magma bodies: Evidence from the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado, USA

Rocky Mountain medicine: doctors, drugs, and disease in early Colorado

chapters chronicle the emergence of the town's hospital, and the long struggle by local nurses to improve their status and economic position. The author's detailed studies of physician records and the town's vital statistics give us an insight into medical practice and the general health of the townspeople. They also depict the daily lives of physicians, the number of patients attended, their s...

Mountain Permafrost – A Valid Archive to Study Climate Change? Examples from the Rocky Mountains Front Range of Colorado, USA

Mountain permafrost is highly sensitive to changing air temperatures because they affect the thawing depth of the annual active layer, as well as the time and speed of the refreezing process, mainly in the winter. The Long Term Ecological Research Site (LTER) Niwot Ridge and the Critical Zone Observatory Site (CZO) Green Lakes in Colorado, USA, with their high alpine tundra climate and vegetati...

Mercury dynamics in the Rocky Mountain , Colorado , snowpack

Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was monitored at the Niwot Ridge (NWT) Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site (Colorado, USA, 40° N) from interstitial air extracted from the snowpack at depths ranging from the snow surface to 10 cm above the soil. A highly dynamic cycling of mercury (Hg) in this mid-latitude snowpack was observed. Patterns were driven by both GEM production in surface snow a...

Disturbance Patterns in Southern Rocky Mountain Forests

Reconstructing the plinian and co-ignimbrite sources of large volcanic eruptions: A novel approach for the Campanian Ignimbrite

The 39 ka Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) super-eruption was the largest volcanic eruption of the past 200 ka in Europe. Tephra deposits indicate two distinct plume forming phases, Plinian and co-ignimbrite, characteristic of many caldera-forming eruptions. Previous numerical studies have characterized the eruption as a single-phase event, potentially leading to inaccurate assessment of eruption dyna...