Early identification of bipolar from unipolar depression before manic episode: Evidence from dynamic rfMRI

Conversion from unipolar depression to bipolar depression

BACKGROUND Clinicians, both psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists, underdiagnose bipolar disorder in a substantial proportion of depressed patients. Correct diagnosis is important since the prescription of antidepressants without mood stabilizers may precipitate a switch to mania. In patients presenting with depression, what are the odds they will turn out to really be bipolar? There are few long...

Bipolar and unipolar depression.

Since Kraepelin grouped affective disorders under the title of 'manic-depressive insanity', there has been controversy over whether the bipolar and unipolar entities within this are distinct affective disorders or whether they are merely two ends of an affective continuum. In order to bring some clarity and goal-posts to this argument, we define the criteria that must be fulfilled by diseases i...

Could glutamate spectroscopy differentiate bipolar depression from unipolar?

BACKGROUND Accurate differentiation of bipolar and unipolar depression is a key clinical challenge. A biological measure that could differentiate bipolar and unipolar depression might supplement clinical assessment. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy measurements of total glutamate and glutamine (Glx) in anterior cingulate cortex are one potential measure. The objective of this study was to assess...

[Attempted suicide during depressive (unipolar) and manic depressive (bipolar) psychoses].

Brain oscillatory responses in patients with bipolar disorder manic episode before and after valproate treatment.

BACKGROUND GABA/Glutamatergic dysfunction and neural circuits which regulate cognitive processing are involved in the underlying pathology of bipolar disorder. Event related oscillatory neuroelectrical activity reflects integrative brain functioning, different frequency bands representing different cognitive functions. METHODS Event Related Potentials to visual odd-ball paradigm in ten manic/...