Early cytokine induction byPlasmodium falciparum is not a classical endotoxin-like process

Strain variation in early innate cytokine induction by Plasmodium falciparum

Previous work has shown that human donors vary in the magnitude and pattern of cytokines induced when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are co-cultured with Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Whether P. falciparum strains vary in their ability to induce cytokines has not been studied in detail and is an important question, because variation in cytokine induction could affect ...

Differential cytokine induction by doses of lipopolysaccharide and monophosphoryl lipid A that result in equivalent early endotoxin tolerance.

The phenomenon of early endotoxin tolerance, which is induced by sublethal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), results in a protracted period of hyporesponsiveness that is most profound at 3 to 4 days after injection and is marked by reduced cytokine production after a challenge injection of LPS. Early endotoxin tolerance is also induced by the nontoxic LPS derivative monophosphoryl lipid A ...

Cellular basis of early cytokine response to Plasmodium falciparum.

Uncertainty remains about the cellular origins of the earliest phase of the proinflammatory cytokine response to malaria. Here we show by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis that gammadelta T cells and CD14+ cells from nonimmune donors produce tumor necrosis factor and that gammadelta T cells also produce gamma interferon within 18 h of contact with mycoplasma-free Plasmodium falciparum...

Th1-like cytokine induction by heat-killed Brucella abortus is dependent on triggering of TLR9.

In this report we provide evidence, for the first time, that bacterial DNA in the context of heat-killed Brucella abortus (HKBA) engages TLR9 in dendritic cells (DC), resulting in a Th1-like cytokine response. This is based on the findings that HKBA induction of IL-12p40 is: 1) abolished in DC from TLR9(-/-) mice; 2) blocked by suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides; 3) simulated by bacterial DNA de...

Is Dependent on Triggering Brucella abortus Th1-Like Cytokine Induction by Heat-Killed