DNA Markers and Molecular Breeding in Pear and Other Rosaceae Fruit Trees

Pear (Pyrus spp.) is one of the most important edible fruits belonging to family Rosaceae. DNA markers, molecular genetics and genomics, breeding pear have greatly progressed over last few decades. The development reliable such as simple sequence repeats single nucleotide polymorphisms, has allowed profiling accessions, assessment genetic diversity within species, analyses phylogenetic relationships among species. Reference linkage maps genome-wide markers enabled practical marker-assisted selection for resistance black spot and/or scab diseases, self-compatibility, harvest time, fruit skin color in Japanese programs. Molecular been shown more than triple efficiency compared with conventional breeding. Furthermore, programs using two novel genomics-based approaches—genome-wide association studies genomic selection—focusing on quality texture, quantitative traits breeding, are progress. Co-linearity functional synteny identified between apple (Malus × domestica Borkh), used efficiently predict function a gene interest develop related