DIVERSIDAD DEL MAÍZ EN TRES ZONAS GEOMORFOLÓGICAS DE YUCATÁN, MÉXICO

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) is the main sustenance in daily diet of Mexican families. As a crop, it one most important country Mexico, and Yucatan state, grown under rainfed conditions milpas with no mechanizable lands. In this study, an analysis phenotypic variability from cob collects native maize state was carried out, ethnobotanical information collected within passport data. <strong>Objectives:</strong> To introduce genetic diversity into germplasm bank, to know populations based on characteristics cob, its distribution, find potential each collection area for use improvement programs. <strong>Methodology: </strong>66 Tuxpeños, 13 Dzit bacal, 6 Nal tel, Xmejen nal, 2 xoy were southern, central, eastern regions January March 2020, by sampling four cardinal points community visited. A vector map collections developed quantitative data biometric variables recorded 100 (crop cycles: late n=68; intermediate n=26; early n=6), general variance (ANOVA) crop cycles made, principal component (PCA), hierarchically clustered average linkage method discriminant made. Qualitative surveys mixed questions applied milperos at time are presented. <strong>Results: </strong>The made up three groups cycle: late, intermediate, early. The southern preserve greater diversity, representing 44 40% total collections, respectively. There significant differences all ear variables; growth cycle, only grain thickness did not show between populations, cycle thickness, width, length significant. PCA explained 80% variation, seven different formed, differentiation nal contrary Tuxpeños maize. Ten promising identified selection geomorphological region: eight correspond two eastern, center state. factors select sowing corn region are: white yellow yield, resistance weevil attack red maize, perception color palatability purple <strong>Implications: </strong>A complete characterization field required special interest red-pigmented maize.<strong> Conclusions: conserving grain, benefits uses that they can obtain them, which determine planting races/varieties Red being planted lower relation other colors. showed flow them.</p>