Disorders of water balance

Hyponatremia and hypernatremia: disorders of water balance.

Total body water and tonicity is tightly regulated by renal action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, norepinephrine and by the thirst mechanism. Abnormalities in water balance are manifested as sodium disturbances--hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Hyponatremia ([Na+ < 136 meq/ l]) is a common abnormality in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased ...

Key Roles of Renal Aquaporins in Water Balance and Water-Balance Disorders.

The discovery of aquaporins by Agre and co-workers provided an answer to the long-standing biophysical question of how water can pass cell membranes. The identification and characterization of several aquaporins expressed in the kidney has allowed detailed insight, at the molecular level, into the fundamental physiology and pathophysiology of renal water metabolism.

Water balance disorders after neurosurgery: the triphasic response revisited

Water balance disorders after neurosurgery are well recognized, but detailed reports of the triphasic response are scarce. We describe a 55-year-old woman, who developed the triphasic response with severe hyper- and hyponatraemia after resection of a suprasellar meningioma. The case illustrates how sudden and dramatic the changes in water balance after neurosurgery can be. The biochemical profi...

Balance disorders in children.

Balance disorders in children may be difficult to recognize. Children often are unable to describe their symptoms and they may just seem clumsy. The episodes may be of short duration, autonomic symptoms may be prominent, or symptoms may be thought of as a behavioral disorder. Dizziness may indicate a problem in the vestibular system or may indicate a problem in other sensory systems or an abnor...

Monogenic Phosphate Balance Disorders