Discovering Viking America

Magical medicine in Viking Scandinavia.

BY THE year A.D. 1213 Christianity was victorious across Europe; only a few isolated pockets of paganism in remote districts of Sweden, Finland, and Moslem Spain held out against what must have seemed to be the inevitable influence of the Church. Nordic expansion was in eclipse. The age of the Vikings was at an end. The marauders who had loosed such fury on the continent to the south, had, in t...

The first viking mission to Mars.

A female Viking warrior confirmed by genomics

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study has been to confirm the sex and the affinity of an individual buried in a well-furnished warrior grave (Bj 581) in the Viking Age town of Birka, Sweden. Previously, based on the material and historical records, the male sex has been associated with the gender of the warrior and such was the case with Bj 581. An earlier osteological classification of the in...

Microbiological profiles of the Viking spacecraft.

Planetary quarantine requirements associated with the launch of two Viking spacecraft necessitated microbiological assessment during assembly and testing at Cape Canaveral and the Kennedy Space Center. Samples were collected from selected surface of the Viking Lander Capsules (VLC), Orbiters, (VO), and Shrouds at predetermined intervals during assembly and testing. Approximately 7,000 samples w...

Surgical treatment of ventricular septal defect VIKING

Since the first report of direct vision closure of ventricular septal defects in eight patients by Lillehei, Cohen, Warden, Ziegler, and Varco (1955), and further pioneering work by Lillehei and his group and by Kirklin, Harshbarger, Donald, and Edwards (1957), the surgical treatment of ventricular septal defect has been a well established and accepted procedure. In 1957 Lillehei and his associ...