Differentiating Inspiratory and Expiratory Valve Malfunctions

Differentiating inspiratory and expiratory valve malfunctions.

hyperemia directly after release of the blood pressure cuff. As stated in our article, we did not measure reactive hyperemia but performed our measurements in all groups after 20 min of reperfusion. It is, therefore, unlikely that reactive hyperemia caused the observed differences between groups. We agree that further studies are needed to clarify more the mechanisms of helium preconditioning i...

Inspiratory: expiratory ratio and pulmonary interstitial emphysema.

Mechanism of inspiratory and expiratory crackles.

OBJECTIVE Although crackles are frequently heard on auscultation of the chest of patients with common cardiopulmonary disorders, the mechanism of production of these sounds is inadequately understood. The goal of this research was to gain insights into the mechanism of crackle generation by systematic examination of the relationship between inspiratory and expiratory crackle characteristics. ...

All valve malfunctions are not the same.

1. Tautz TJ, Urwyler A, Antognini JF, Riou B: Case scenario: Increased end-tidal carbon dioxide. A diagnostic dilemma. ANESTHESIOLOGY 2010; 112:440 – 6 2. Kwetny IM, Finucane BT: Negative arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient: An additional sign of malignant hyperthermia during desflurane anesthesia. Anest Analg 2006; 102:815–7 3. Larach MG, Localio AR, Allen GC, Denborough MA, Ellis FR...

Unidirectional Expiratory Valve Method to Assess Maximal Inspiratory Pressure in Individuals without Artificial Airway

INTRODUCTION Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) is considered an effective method to estimate strength of inspiratory muscles, but still leads to false positive diagnosis. Although MIP assessment with unidirectional expiratory valve method has been used in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, no previous studies investigated the application of this method in subjects without artificial a...