Differential kleptoparasitic interactions of Himalayan Vulture Gyps himalayensis with conspecifics and heterospecifics during various stages of breeding

Reports of kleptoparasitic events involving Gyps himalayensis (Himalayan Vulture) are limited. In this article we document intraspecific and interspecific interactions at nesting sites, analyse factors influencing behaviour. The study was carried out Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary Kashmir Himalaya, an elevation about 2,546 m. We observed 61 instances food theft conspecifics (n = 12) heterospecifics 49). highest number incidents were during the chick rearing period (n=40), followed by incubation 10) pre-laying periods 5). attacks sites 30) lowest in flight 9).