Development and Validation of Accumulation Term (Distributed and/or Point Source) in a Finite Element Hydrodynamic Model

During tropical storms, precipitation and associated rainfall-runoff can lead to significant flooding, in both the upland coastal areas. Flooding areas is compounded by storm surge. Several hurricanes recent history have exhibited destructive force of compound flooding due precipitation, rainfall-runoff, surge waves. In previous work, various coupled modeling systems been developed model total water levels (defined as tides, waves, surge, rainfall-runoff) for storms. The existing system utilizes a hydrologic domain capture with storms; however, not captured. Herein source/sink term incorporated within hydrodynamic itself over already inundated new algorithm verified several idealized test cases, then it applied Hurricane Irene. Validation indicates that methodology comparable river flux forcing under most conditions allows addition streamflows overland runoff, well actual itself.