Developing a Comprehensive Shipment Policy through Modified EPQ Model Considering Process Imperfections, Transportation Cost, and Backorders

Background: Determining the optimum shipment quantity in a traditional production system is competitive business dimension, and developing reliable policy decisive for long-term objectives. Currently, significant research this domain has mainly focused on lot sizing perfect without considering imperfections processes logistics. It been well established that real inventory acts as an imperfection overall management loop. Methods: This deals with designing new undertaking some influential factors, such transportation cost, actual inventory, defective items, backorders. Results: In developed mathematical framework, lot-sizing problems, processes, retailers, distributors are considered equal-sized to attain pragmatic real-time results. Conclusions: The framework considers all-unit-discount cost structure. numerical computations, sensitivity analysis, performed point out specifications validation of proposed model.