Determining the Optimum Level of Soil Olsen Phosphorus and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application for High Phosphorus-Use Efficiency in Zea mays L. in Black Soil

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient, both as a component of several important plant structural compounds and catalyst in the conversion numerous biochemical reactions plants. The soil Olsen P (OP) level factor affecting crop production P-use efficiency (PUE). We tested effect six OP levels doses on maize yield, where were 0, 22, 44, 59, 73, 117 kg P2O5 ha−1, with three replications, from 2017 to 2019. response yield can be divided into two parts, below 28 mg kg−1 above kg−1. change point between parts was determined agronomic critical for crops study area. PUE (%) increased decreased fertilizer application rates. In addition, results low rate (P2), 22 showed that significantly increase compared at (OP1), 0 ha−1. value by 49.5%, 40.1%, 32.4% high (OP6) 2017, 2018, 2019, respectively, (OP1). At same levels, all years, (P6) significantly, range 62.8% 78.7%, (P2). Under average deficit 100 ha−1 P, years 3.9 treatment without addition (P1) 2.4–3.5 treatments each surplus. A phosphorus 44 are sufficient obtain optimum PUE, reduce environmental hazards area northeastern China.