Design Study of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Shaft Lining for Swelling Ground in Toronto, Canada

Reinforced concrete (RC) is a widely used construction material around the world. RC has many advantages in terms of structural stability. However, reinforcement requires extensive labour costs. Steel fibre reinforced (SFRC) been studied to replace steel bars structures over decades. most underground structures, such as tunnel lining, are usually designed using conventional for long-term stability due unexpected geotechnical characteristics, directional and depth-dependent varied lateral pressure, earthquakes, groundwater, time-dependent swelling behaviour. In this paper, an alternative design shaft structure SFRC, based on original data Toronto region, was evaluate feasibility SFRC replacing RC. A key geological feature site that bedrock comprised Georgian Bay shale, which exhibits deformation (TDD). The capacities lining were calculated Canadian codes CSA A23.3 RILEM TC 162-TDF, assess benefit adding fibre, several analytical solutions calculate applied load lining. specialised TDD constitutive model Fast Lagrangian Analysis Continua (FLAC) 2D developed estimate whether optimum installation time reports, appropriate under behaviour, resultant hoop thrust bending moment loading cases within capacity numerical analysis demonstrated proposed could be reduced, despite consideration