Design Preconditions for Product–Service Integration

User expectations regarding new products and services are evolving rapidly, forcing innovative organizations to explore avenues for innovation, combining services. This paper focuses on the integrative design of product–service systems (PSSs) builds servitization service-based innovation literature. Many tools have been proposed designing integrated PSS, with intent generate economic and/or sustainable impact. In this article, we focus being used bringing user experience intangibles in process. Although literature is rich methods optimize PSS process, it does not consider full array their lack research attention might hinder developing PSS. Using in-depth interviews, qualitative systematically combines extant conceptual processes expert insights, thereby contextualizing how lower thresholds increase effectiveness tools. The contributes by explicitly identifying twenty-one preconditions that support process while integrating product service close relation end-user.