Defective HIV-1 proviruses produce viral proteins
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Species tropism of HIV-1 modulated by viral accessory proteins
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is tropic and pathogenic only for humans, and does not replicate in macaque monkeys routinely used for experimental infections. This specially narrow host range (species tropism) has impeded much the progress of HIV-1/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) basic research. Extensive studies on the underlying mechanism have revealed that Vif, one of ...
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Negative Factor, Nef Yes, cleaved by PR CD4/MHC downregulation; T-cell activation; moderate enhancer of viral infectivity; blocks apoptosis; pathogenicity determinant CD4, CD28, MHC-I, MHC-II, TCR-CD3ζ, other cell-surface proteins Nef connects immunologically important host surface proteins to clathrin-dependent and -independent sorting pathways to regulate traffi cking, degradation, and immune...
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levels fall to lower steady-state values that vary in differA great deal of progress has been made in understandent individuals and that are predictive of the rate of ing the molecular biology of HIV-1 replication (see redisease progression (Mellors et al., 1996). In untreated views by Cullen [1998], Chan and Kim [1998], and Littasymptomatic patients, the plasma HIV-1 RNA levels man [1998] in t...
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Macrophages are important target cells for HIV-1 infection that play significant roles in the maintenance of viral reservoirs and other aspects of pathogenesis. Understanding the determinants of HIV-1 tropism for macrophages will inform HIV-1 control and eradication strategies. Tropism for macrophages is both qualitative (infection or not) and quantitative (replication capacity). For example ma...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
سال: 2020
ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917876117