Cytolysis of nucleated cells by complement: cell death displays multi-hit characteristics.

Complement the cell death

Different forms of cell death can result in divergent outcomes in tissue homeostasis and immune responses. Cells that undergo apoptosis are immunosuppressive and display phagocytic signals that culminates to their rapid and silent disposal that is devoid of inflammatory tissue injuries or autoimmunity. Mechanistic defects in either apoptosis or clearance can render these dying cells inflammator...

tLivin Displays Flexibility by Promoting Alternative Cell Death Mechanisms

Livin is a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) protein family that inhibits apoptosis triggered by a variety of stimuli. We previously demonstrated that while Livin inhibits caspase activity, caspases can cleave Livin to produce a truncated protein, tLivin and that this newly formed tLivin paradoxically induces cell death. However to date, the mechanism of tLivin-induced cell death is no...

Cell-Mediated Cytolysis Complement-Mediated Cytolysis but Not NK Accelerating Factor (DAF: CD55) Inhibits Delta-Short Consensus Repeat 4-Decay

Coxsackievirus B3 protease 3C induces cell death in eukaryotic cells

Abstract: Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the most common agent known to cause viral myocarditis. The viral genome encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved to produce several proteins by virally encoded proteases. Most of this proteolytic processing is catalyzed by a cysteine protease called 3C. The 3C protease plays major role in viral replication and cellular damage. To understand the mecha...

Osteoclast-like multi-nucleated giant cells in uraemic tumoral calcinosis

A 46-year-old woman under 6-year haemodialysis was admitted for uncontrollable hip pain. An X-ray film revealed calcified mass around the 'left femur head', which was diagnosed as calcium deposition by percutaneous biopsy. Calcinotic tissues were removed surgically, and the resected specimen revealed tumoral calcinosis caused by low bone turnover. A complete resolution of calcinotic lesions aro...