Current permissible levels of metal pollutants harm terrestrial invertebrates

The current decline of invertebrates worldwide is alarming. Several potential causes have been proposed but metal pollutants, while being widespread in the air, soils and water, so far largely overlooked. Here, we reviewed results 527 observations effects arsenic, cadmium, lead mercury on terrestrial invertebrates. These four well-studied metals are considered as priorities for public health which international regulatory guidelines exist. We found that they all significantly impact physiology behavior invertebrates, even at levels below those recommended ‘safe’ humans. Our call a revision thresholds to better protect appear be more sensitive pollution than vertebrates. More fundamental research broader range compounds species needed improve develop conservation plans ecosystem services.