Culture and Social Change in Mothers’ and Fathers’ Individualism, Collectivism and Parenting Attitudes

Cultures and families are not static over time but evolve in response to social transformations, such as changing gender roles, urbanization, globalization, technology uptake. Historically, individualism collectivism have been widely used heuristics guiding cross-cultural comparisons, yet these orientations may time, individuals within cultures themselves can both individualist collectivist orientations. Historical shifts parents’ attitudes also occurred several cultures. As a way of understanding mothers’ fathers’ individualism, collectivism, parenting at this point history, we examined parents nine countries that varied country-level rankings. Data included reports (N = 1338 families) three points China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, the United States. More variance was accounted for by within-culture than between-culture factors progressive attitudes, authoritarian which were predicted range sociodemographic largely similar mothers fathers across cultural groups. Social changes from 20th 21st century contributed some similarities between countries.