Cryptorchism: basic concepts and hormonal therapy

Basic concepts and overview

Basic Concepts and Principles

This paper reviews and discusses some key concept and principles of risk analysis and risk management, based on a set of statements, formulated as myths about risk. Examples of such myths are: risk is equal to the expected value, risk equals uncertainty, risk can be expressed by probabilities, risk is equal to an event, risk acceptance criteria contribute to obtaining a high safety standard, an...

Basic Concepts and Extensions

The Gaia methodology (Wooldridge et al., 2000) has been the rst complete methodology for the analysis and design of multiagent systems. However, the original version of Gaia su ered from the limitations of being suitable for the analysis and design of closed multiagent systems and of adopting non-standard notation techniques. For these reasons, several extensions to the basic Gaia methodology h...

Basic Concepts and Notation

A set is formally an undefined term, but intuitively it is a (possibly empty) collection of arbitrary objects. A set is usually denoted by curly braces and some (optional) restrictions. Examples of sets are {1,2,3}, {hi, there}, and {k | k is a perfect square}. The symbol ∈ denotes set membership , while the symbol ∉ denotes set non-membership ; for example, 7∈{p | p prime} states that 7 is a p...

Basic Concepts

Motivation Most problems in nature have several (possibly conflicting) objectives to be satisfied. Many of these problems are frequently treated as single-objective optimization problems by transforming all but one objective into constraints. What is a multiobjective optimization problem? The Multiobjective Optimization Problem (MOP) (also called multicriteria optimization, multiperformance or ...