Crucial Roles of Effectors in Interactions between Horticultural Crops and Pathogens

Horticultural crops suffer from bacterial, fungal, and oomycete pathogens. Effectors are one of the main weapons deployed by those pathogens, especially in early stages infection. Pathogens secrete effectors with diverse functions to avoid recognition plants, inhibit or manipulate plant immunity, induce programmed cell death. Most identified proteinaceous, such as well-studied type-III secretion system (T3SEs) bacteria, RXLR CRN (crinkling necrosis) motif oomycetes, LysM (lysin motifs) domain fungi. In addition, some non-proteinaceous toxins sRNA also play crucial roles To cope effectors, plants have evolved specific mechanisms recognize them activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). This review summarizes action typical proteinaceous secreted important horticultural crop The defense responses hosts briefly introduced. Moreover, potential application effector biology disease management breeding resistant varieties is discussed.