Criticism on Buddhism in Sung Dynasty

Liu Sung-nien (1174–1224), Sung Dynasty. Lohan (1207)

L iu Sung-nien was a court painter from Ch'ien-t'ang (modern Hangchow). He painted figures and landscapes and was honored by Emperor Ning-tsung during the Sung Dynasty (960–1279), a prosperous and culturally rich period of Chinese history. The arts (silk tapestries, embroideries, calligraphy, lacquer, porcelain, pottery) explored the complexities of the physical and spiritual world, and paintin...

The Vitality of Buddhism in the Sung

Buddhism Architecture in Northwestern Iran

Architecture is not only a complex including materials and methods to provide a shelter for human beings, but also it is an expression of the society, which created that. Its form will be the reflection of values and religious orientation besides social maturity of the related society and its structure will narrate the nature, power and different dimensions of mythical and psychological aspects...

Idealism in Yogācāra Buddhism

In the last fifty years or so, since Yogācāra texts have been available to western academics, there has been a debate as to how Yogācāra Buddhism should be interpreted. This article seeks to establish that Yogācāra Buddhism is most properly interpreted as an idealist school of Buddhist thought. Specifically, it challenges the arguments that have been put forth in recent years that suggest a phe...

Tone Realization in Sung Mandarin

Drawing on previous work which showed that singers in Cantonese transfer contour tone information over to singing, this paper examines whether singers in Mandarin exhibit similar kinds of transfer. Analysis of contour slope, duration and fundamental frequency suggest that Mandarin singers do not transfer these elements of tone to their singing.