Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle and Economic Assessment of Sustainable Concrete Mixes—Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC) and Bacterial Concrete (BC)

The negative environmental impacts associated with the usage of Portland cement (PC) in concrete induced intensive research into finding sustainable alternative mixes to obtain “green concrete”. Since principal aim developing such is reduce impact, it imperative conduct a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper examines three different types mixes, viz., alkali-activated (AAC) natural coarse aggregates, AAC recycled aggregates (RCA), and bacterial (BC). A detailed impact RCA, BC performed through cradle-to-gate LCA using openLCA v.1.10.3 compared versus PC (PCC) equivalent strength. results show that transportation sodium silicate contribute most impact. global warming potential (GWP) PCC 1.4–2 times higher than other mixes. Bacterial without nutrients had lowest all evaluated on damage categories, both at midpoint (except GWP) endpoint levels. are more expensive by 98.8–159.1% 21.8–54.3%, respectively.