Course of psychiatric symptoms and global cognition in early Parkinson disease

The spectrum of nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson disease.

OBJECTIVE Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are common in patients with established Parkinson disease (PD) but their frequency in early PD has not been extensively studied. Our aim was to determine the frequency of NMS in a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed PD. METHODS A total of 159 patients with early PD and 99 healthy controls participated in this study. NMS were screened for using the nonmoto...

Nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease

Parkinson disease (PD) is usually accompanied by numerous nonmotor symptoms (NMS), such as neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunctions, and sensory disturbances. However, it is not clear that the factors influencing the occurrence of NMS and its sequence with motor symptoms (MS).We conducted comprehensive assessments of NMS by using 13 scales in 1119 PD patients.A total o...

Global Assessment of Psychiatric Symptoms (GAPS).

Improving functional disability and cognition in Parkinson disease

OBJECTIVES To examine the efficacy of an integrative cognitive training program (REHACOP) to improve cognition, clinical symptoms, and functional disability of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS Forty-two patients diagnosed with PD in Hoehn & Yahr stages 1 to 3 were randomly assigned to either the cognitive training group (REHACOP) or the control group (occupational activities) for...

The Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Locus Coeruleus in Early Model of Parkinson\'s Disease in Rat: Immunoreactivity Evidence

Background: Free radical formation and oxidative stress might play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In vitro data indicate that neuromelanin (NM) pigment is formed the excess cytosolic catecholamine that is not accumulated into synaptic vesicles via the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). We designed this study to investigate the neuroprotective effects ...