Coupling between macrophage phenotype, angiogenesis and bone formation by calcium phosphates

The ability of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials to induce bone formation varies with their physicochemical properties, surface topography as one the most crucial triggers. In view natural wound healing processes ( e.g. , inflammation, angiogenesis, tissue and remodeling) initiated after surgical implantation, we here comparatively investigated biological cascades occurring upon ectopic implantation a tricalcium submicron (TCP-S, osteoinductive) micron-scale (TCP-B, non-osteoinductive). vitro TCP-S facilitated M2 polarization macrophages derived from human leukemic cell line (THP-1) shown by enhanced secretion TGF-β CCL18. Interestingly, conditioned media polarized on tube umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), while had no influence osteogenic differentiation marrow stromal (HBMSCs). Following an intramuscular in canines, locally increased typical macrophage markers IL-10) at week 1 3 blood vessel compared TCP-B. Bone was observed histologically 6 weeks inhibited when angiogenesis inhibitor (KRN633) loaded onto TCP-S. No for data presented herein suggest strong links between polarization, CaP-induced formation. key properties relevant have been outlined last two decades. However, mechanism underlying this material-driven osteoinduction remains largely unknown. This manuscript demonstrates topography, CaP implanted non-osseous sites. finding may provide new clues further exploring possible materials. Calcium phosphates (CaPs) scaled instruct phenotype, which secretes cytokines prompt angiogenesis. vessels facilitates recruitment mesenchymal stem respond undergo form suggests couplings pathway material-induced