Could land-based early photosynthesizing ecosystems have bioengineered the planet in mid-Palaeozoic times?

Constraining the role of early land plants in Palaeozoic weathering and global cooling

How the colonization of terrestrial environments by early land plants over 400 Ma influenced rock weathering, the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and phosphorus, and climate in the Palaeozoic is uncertain. Here we show experimentally that mineral weathering by liverworts—an extant lineage of early land plants—partnering arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, like those in 410 Ma-old early land pla...

Early life on land and the first terrestrial ecosystems

Terrestrial ecosystems have been largely regarded as plant-dominated land surfaces, with the earliest records appearing in the early Phanerozoic (<550 Ma). Yet the presence of biological components in pre-Phanerozoic rocks, in habitats as different as soils, peats, ponds, lakes, streams, and dune fields, implies a much earlier type of terrestrial ecosystems. Microbes were abundant by ~3,500 Ma ...

a critical discourse analysis of the new york times and the tehran times news articles, covering the u.s.-led war in afghanistan

تحقیق حاضر متون خبری روزنامه های نیویورک تایمز و تهران تایمز را به صورت تحلیل انتقادی کلامی مورد بررسی قرارمی دهدکه درمورد جنگ به رهبری آ مریکا در افغانستان است. هدف از این تحقیق نشان دادن تاثیر ایدیولوژی و نگرشهای نویسندگان متون خبری است که ممکن است پنهان باشد. برای انجام این تحقیق 20 متن خبری) از هر روزنامه 10 متن خبری) به صورت تصادفی از سایت اینترنتی روزنامه های نیویورک تایمز و تهران تایمز ا...

Land Ecosystems and Hydrology

Marine origin of retroviruses in the early Palaeozoic Era

Very little is known about the ancient origin of retroviruses, but owing to the discovery of their ancient endogenous viral counterparts, their early history is beginning to unfold. Here we report 36 lineages of basal amphibian and fish foamy-like endogenous retroviruses (FLERVs). Phylogenetic analyses reveal that ray-finned fish FLERVs exhibit an overall co-speciation pattern with their hosts,...